Cov ntaub ntawv ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej ziab yog qhov nyuaj rau suav. Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tseev kom muaj ntawm cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom siv thermophysical ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov txheej txheem ziab thiab cov khoom siv uas xav tau rau cov khoom siv ziab khaub ncaws thaum lub sijhawm cua sov yog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb dua rau cov neeg tsim qauv. Qee txoj hau kev tau thov rau kev siv kom qhuav khoom siv rau cov neeg tsim qauv siv.
1 Taw qhia Cov khoom siv ziab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav siv hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias daim ntawv thov ntawm cov cuab yeej ziab tau kis thoob plaws ntau txoj haujlwm thoob teb chaws cov khoom lag luam. Rau cov khoom siv ziab khaub ncaws, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txim siab txiav txim siab yog lub tshuab thermophysical dewatering tshuab. Vim yog cov khoom sib txawv ua tiav thaum lub sij hawm ziab thiab cov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntub, ntau yam ntsuas ntawm cov khoom kuj txawv. Lub chaw nruab ntawm cov khoom siv yog txawv. Muaj cov kev cai sib txawv rau kev xaiv ntawm cov cuab yeej kom qhuav, hom khoom siv, thiab txoj kev tsim khoom thiab teeb tsa. Kev tswj kom zoo ntawm cov teeb meem no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav zoo ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv ziab khaub ncaws.
2 cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej ziab khaub ncaws
2.1 Hom Kom Qhuav Cov Khoom Siv Tam sim no, muaj ntau pua lub tshuab ziab kom zoo uas tau ua tiav, thiab muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas yam khoom siv ziab khoom siv feem ntau hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam. Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev faib tawm rau cov khoom siv ziab. Yog tias cov cua sov hloov txoj kev raws li txoj kev ziab khaub ncaws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov convection tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (xws li cua tshuab kom qhuav, cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav, cov tshuab ua kom qhuav sai sai, kua txaj kom qhuav, thiab lwm yam), kev hloov pauv kom sov. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (xws li hnoos qeev lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, lub taub ntim tshuab kom qhuav), hluav taws xob tshuab ziab khaub ncaws (xws li microwave tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, cov tshuab ziab hluav taws xob kom qhuav), thiab lwm yam ntxiv, nws muaj cov cuab yeej ziab xws li cov ziab khaub ncaws ziab kom muaj ntau txoj kev hloov cua sov.
2.2 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws feem ntau yog cov khoom siv tsis zoo, feem ntau vim tias cov khoom siv ua los ntawm txhua lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws txawv. Ntau qhov ziab khaub ncaws hloov nrog cov khoom siv, uas ua rau cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws. hloov. Yog li, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau hais meej txog cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom kom qhuav, xws li lub xeev cov khoom siv, hom ya raws muaj, kev kho mob ntau npaum li cas, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm ziab, seb nws puas xeb. , kev hlawv thiab tawg, txawm hais tias hluav taws xob zoo li qub tau tsim, cov cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom, thiab qhov cua sov cua sov ntawm cov khoom. Qhov ntsuas kub, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog ntau yam sib txawv ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws. Vim li no, ntau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tsis tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob ntau, thiab kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau cov khoom siv cuam tshuam thiab kev yoog raws rau kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm tsim.
3 Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv ziab khaub ncaws tsim cov khoom siv yog cov paub zoo. Cov khoom siv ntawm lub ziab khaub ncaws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ziab khaub ncaws. Cov khoom siv tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb txhais tau tias yuav tswj cov nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej. Feem ntau, kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
3.1 Ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom uas tau ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej ziab khaub ncaws yog kom qhuav ib qho khoom siv. Vim tias cov khoom siv dav dav los ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, nws npog ntau lub teb xws li lis, zaub mov, tshuaj, tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom lag luam hav zoov, ntawv, metallurgy, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov khoom lag luam nyuaj rau suav. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ziab xav tau ntau cov khoom siv. Piv txwv, tshuaj lom neeg, tshuaj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tsis txhob xyaw nrog hlau ions. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv carbon hlau yuav tsum zam nyob rau hauv kev xaiv khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov dej noo hauv cov khoom muaj cov kua qaub, alkali, ntsev, organic solvent, thiab lwm yam, nws yuav xeb rau cov khoom siv hlau sib txawv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cua sov, kev xeb ntawm cov khoom yuav ua kom muaj zog, yog li cov khoom tsim nyog yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej noo muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv.
3.2 Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws Raws li tau hais los saum no, muaj ntau hom tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, txhua tus nyias muaj cov haujlwm ua haujlwm sib txawv, yog li nws yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum xaiv cov khoom siv. Piv txwv li, thaum lub tshuab cua tshuab cua tshuab kom qhuav magnesium oxide, cov khoom siv ntau heev nyob rau hauv cov roj ntws ua pa, cov khoom siv magnesium oxide yog qhov nyuaj, thiab cov ziab ziab yog qhov hnyav ntawm lub phab ntsa tig. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim qauv tsim los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lossis xaiv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev ua si hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov. Rau lwm qhov piv txwv, piv nrog carbon hlau, cov thermal conductivity ntawm stainless hlau cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov qis dua li qub. Yog li no, hauv cov cuab yeej kom qhuav yog ua raws cov kev hloov pauv thaum tshav kub kub, yog tias cov hlau tsis xeb raug xaiv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, qhov chaw hloov tshav kub ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau muab xam los ntawm cov thermal conductivity ntawm stainless hlau. Tus piv txwv engineering pom tau tias thaum xaiv lub tso cua kub tawm, cov khoom siv steel hlau yog 30% loj dua cov khoom siv carbon hlau.
3.3 Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau cov txheej txheem ziab kom qhuav Cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem txawv. Kuv tau tsim lub tshuab cua kub kom qhuav rau polymerize cov inorganic ntsev thaum ziab lawv. Qhov cua kub cua txias yuav tsum siab tshaj 800 ° C. Cov khoom siv ziab khoom yuav tsum xaiv qhov kub thiab txias siab tsis xeb hlau, tab sis xav tias lub tshuab ua kom qhuav tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw siab, raws li kev xam, tsuas yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kub kub tau xaiv nyob hauv qhov chaw sov siab. Nws tau ua haujlwm rau ntau tshaj ib xyoo thiab txhua yam zoo.
3.4 Xaiv cov khoom siv rau cov cuab yeej siv teeb tsa chaw nyob rau ntau qhov chaw, txawm hais tias cov xwm txheej saum toj no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tseem ua tib zoo saib cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom nruab ib puag ncig. Yog tias cov khoom siv raug teeb tsa hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, qhov chaw ib puag ncig yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog cov khoom siv, kev tswj hwm, thiab cov hluav taws xob, thiab cov phiaj xwm tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua.
4 txoj kev tiv thaiv kev xeb ntawm cov cuab yeej ziab Feem ntau cov cuab yeej kom qhuav yog tsim ntawm qhov chaw welded, daim hlau tiaj tiaj thiab lub tog raj kheej. Nws yog tiag tiag los tiv thaiv corrosion kho rau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ntawm lub hom phiaj sib txawv. Nov yog qee qhov kev paub hauv kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev tsim khoom.
4.1 Phosphating - Passivation Txheej Txheem Hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm vibrating fluidized txaj kom qhuav, 70% ntawm seem yog cov pa roj carbon steel qauv. Lub sij hawm hloov ntim ntawm cov txheej txheem yog ntev, yog li ntau ntawm xeb tso tawm rau saum npoo, thiab ntau lub zog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov xeb ua ntej xim. Phosphating-passivation txheej txheem, los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, los ntawm kev kho mob ib zaug, tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm xeb, lub nplaim pib cov xim qub ntawm cov hlau, thaum tsim cov tuab tiv thaiv xeb zaj duab xis ntawm cov hlau. Nws tuaj yeem tso rau hauv huab cua ntub rau kaum hnub yam tsis xeb. Nws cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho thaj chaw ua haujlwm, txo kev siv zog thiab txuag tus txiv neej thiab cov khoom siv dag zog. Rau phosphating - txoj kev kho mob passivation kho muaj emulsifier, molybdate, soluble phosphate thiab ntau cov kua qaub. Txoj kev no tsis yog siv rau hauv cov qauv saum toj no xwb, tab sis lwm cov qauv sib xws lossis thav ntawv tuaj yeem siv rau kev tiv thaiv xeb. kam nrog.
4.2 Kev thov electrostatic hmoov txheej hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej kom qhuav Kev coj ua xim txheej yog kua, uas muaj ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ester ketones thiab hydrocarbons, uas coj ntau yam teeb meem rau kev tsim khoom, chaw cia khoom, tsheb thauj mus los thiab kev tsim kho, thiab yog cov nplaim taws thiab tawg tau yooj yim. Tsis zoo heev. Vim tias muaj qee yam kuab lom, nws volatilizes rau hauv cov cua thiab paug hnyav ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, cov xim pleev xim hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws yog ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej tshiab uas siv tsawg dua los sis tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem. Ib qho ntawm cov xim tshiab yog xim txheej xim.
Lub hau npog sab saum toj ntawm lub voos xwm txheej ua hluav taws xob ua kom txias yog feem ntau ua los ntawm cov khaub thuas txias-ua los ntawm cov hlau txias, yog li tus nqi siab. Vim li cas siv stainless hlau tsis txhob siv cov pa roj carbon steel zoo li qub, vim tias cov khoom siv yuav nthuav tawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv corrosive thiab cov roj ntsha thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab cov hlau tsis xeb muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev, yog li nws ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis txias-dov daim ntawv.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob pleev xim hluav taws xob polyester cob hmoov txheej yog tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam, thiab nws qhov kev txhim kho corrosion yog qhov sib piv ntawm cov hlau tsis huv. Vim tias nws cov tawv tawv, cov kav ntev, thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj, cov hmoov txheej no muaj qhov zoo tshaj tawm huab cua sab nraud thiab tiv thaiv tshav kub, nrog rau zoo heev corrosion thiab hmoov tsis kam, zoo nkauj ci thiab chromatic zog, yog li hluav taws xob zoo li qub hmoov txheej yog kiag li tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws.
4.3 Kev Sib Tham txog austenitic nickel-chromium stainless hlau hlau Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv kom qhuav yog phaj welded cov ntu, feem ntau yog 1Cr18Ni9Ti (18-8 hom). Kev xeb, pob txha tawg thiab lwm yam teeb meem feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm welding. Ua mob hnyav rau cov khoom lub neej thiab kev ua tau zoo. Qhov sib txawv ntawm austenitic stainless hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon steel zoo tib yam yog tias cov thermal conductivity tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem nthuav dav yog loj thaum muaj cua sov, thiab cov nqi kuj siab dua. Vim tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm austenitic steels, cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb yuav tsum muaj vuam. Intergranular corrosion yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm high alloy steel. Cov hlau no nws tus kheej muaj cov corrosion siab, tab sis kev txhim kho corrosion yog txo thaum lub sijhawm vuam. Cov txheej txheem xeb ntawm cov hlau austenitic thaum vuam suav nrog: kev sib xyaw, hauv zos, thiab kev sib kis. Lub Hoobkas hauv tsev qhia cov khoom siv ziab txawv teb chaws. Cov tawv hlau tsis xeb ntawm lub hnab lim tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam vim yog txoj hauv kev siv hlau tsis huv, uas rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom ntim muaj cov tshuaj acidic thaum lub sij hawm ziab, thiab cov ncej hlau tawg sai sai.
